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- Payette County, Idaho: Payette is named after the Payette River, which, in turn, is named for explorer Francois Payette.
- Pearl River County, Mississippi: Named for the Pearl River, obviously
- Platte County, Nebraska: Platte is named for the Platte River.
- Platte County, Wyoming: Platte is named for the North Platte River. Platte is French for flat.
- Plumas County, California: Plumas is named for Spanish name for the Feather River (Rio de las Plumas), which flows through the county.
- Powder River County, Montana: Powder River is named for the Powder River, which in turn was named for gunpowder-like sand along its banks.
Read more about this topic: List Of U.S. Counties Named After Rivers