Middle East
- Adiabene – Helena, Queen of Adiabene (30–58)
- Armenia – Artaxias III, King of Armenia (Roman protectorate) (18–34)
- Commagene – Interregnum – Roman rule (17–38)
- Nabatea – Aretas IV Philopatris, King of Nabatea (9 BC–40 AD)
- Osroene – Abgar V of Edessa, King of Osroene (4 BC–7 AD, 13–50)
- Parthian Empire – Artabanus II, Great King (Shah) of Parthia (10–35, 36–38)
- Pontus – Pythodorida, King of Pontus (8 BC–38 AD)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 31
Famous quotes by middle east:
“During the first formative centuries of its existence, Christianity was separated from and indeed antagonistic to the state, with which it only later became involved. From the lifetime of its founder, Islam was the state, and the identity of religion and government is indelibly stamped on the memories and awareness of the faithful from their own sacred writings, history, and experience.”
—Bernard Lewis, U.S. Middle Eastern specialist. Islam and the West, ch. 8, Oxford University Press (1993)