List of State Leaders in 2008 - Europe

Europe

  • Albania
    • President - Bamir Topi, President of Albania (2007–2012)
    • Prime Minister - Sali Berisha, Prime Minister of Albania (2005–present)
  • Andorra
    • Monarchs
      • French Co-Prince - Nicolas Sarkozy, French Co-Prince of Andorra (2007–2012)
        • Co-Prince's Representative -
          1. Emmanuelle Mignon (2007–2008)
          2. Christian Frémont (2008–2012)
      • Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (2003–present)
        • Co-Prince's Representative - Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012)
    • Prime Minister - Albert Pintat, Head of Government of Andorra (2005–2009)
  • Armenia
    • President -
      1. Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
      2. Serzh Sargsyan, President of Armenia (2008–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Serzh Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2007–2008)
      2. Tigran Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2008–present)
  • Austria
    • President - Heinz Fischer, Federal President of Austria (2004–present)
    • Chancellor -
      1. Alfred Gusenbauer, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2007–2008)
      2. Werner Faymann, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2008–present)
  • Azerbaijan
    • President - Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (2003–present)
    • Prime Minister - Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2003–present)
    • Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognized, secessionist state)
      • President - Bako Sahakyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (2007–present)
      • Prime Minister - Arayik Harutyunyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (2007–present)
  • Belarus
    • President - Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
    • Prime Minister - Sergei Sidorsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2003–2010)
  • Belgium
    • Monarch - Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
      2. Yves Leterme, Prime Minister of Belgium (2008)
      3. Herman Van Rompuy, Prime Minister of Belgium (2008–2009)
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Head of State - Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      • Serb member - Nebojša Radmanović (2006–present), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2008–2009)
      • Bosniak member - Haris Silajdžić (2006–2010), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2008)
      • Croat member - Željko Komšić (2006–present), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2007–2008)
    • Prime Minister - Nikola Špirić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2007–2012)
    • High Representative - Miroslav Lajčák, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2007–2009)
  • Bulgaria
    • President - Georgi Parvanov, President of Bulgaria (2002–2012)
    • Prime Minister - Sergei Stanishev, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2005–2009)
  • Croatia
    • President - Stjepan Mesić, President of Croatia (2000–2010)
    • Prime Minister - Ivo Sanader, President of the Government of Croatia (2003–2009)
  • Cyprus
    • President -
      1. Tassos Papadopoulos, President of Cyprus (2003–2008)
      2. Dimitris Christofias, President of Cyprus (2008–present)
    • Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
      • President - Mehmet Ali Talat, President of Northern Cyprus (2005–2010)
      • Prime Minister - Ferdi Sabit Soyer, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2005–2009)
  • Czech Republic
    • President - Václav Klaus, President of the Czech Republic (2003–present)
    • Prime Minister - Mirek Topolánek, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2006–2009)
  • Denmark
    • Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
    • Prime Minister - Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–2009)
  • Estonia
    • President - Toomas Hendrik Ilves, President of Estonia (2006–present)
    • Prime Minister - Andrus Ansip, Prime Minister of Estonia (2005–present)
  • Finland
    • President - Tarja Halonen, President of Finland (2000–2012)
    • Prime Minister - Matti Vanhanen, Prime Minister of Finland (2003–2010)
  • France
    • President - Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France (2007–2012)
    • Prime Minister - François Fillon, Prime Minister of France (2007–2012)
  • Georgia
    • President -
      1. Nino Burjanadze, Acting President of Georgia (2007–2008)
      2. Mikheil Saakashvili, President of Georgia (2008–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Lado Gurgenidze, Prime Minister of Georgia (2007–2008)
      2. Grigol Mgaloblishvili, Prime Minister of Georgia (2008–2009)
    • Abkhazia (partially recognized secessionist state)
      • President - Sergei Bagapsh, President of Abkhazia (2005–2011)
      • Prime Minister - Alexander Ankvab, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2005–2010)
    • South Ossetia (partially recognized secessionist state)
      • President - Eduard Kokoity, President of South Ossetia (2001–2011)
      • Prime Minister -
        1. Yury Morozov, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2005–2008)
        2. Boris Chochiev, Acting Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2008)
        3. Aslanbek Bulatsev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2008–2009)
  • Germany
    • President - Horst Köhler, Federal President of Germany (2004–2010)
    • Chancellor - Angela Merkel, Federal Chancellor of Germany (2005–present)
  • Greece
    • President - Karolos Papoulias, President of Greece (2005–present)
    • Prime Minister - Kostas Karamanlis, Prime Minister of Greece (2004–2009)
  • Hungary
    • President - László Sólyom, President of Hungary (2005–2010)
    • Prime Minister - Ferenc Gyurcsány, Prime Minister of Hungary (2004–2009)
  • Iceland
    • President - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–present)
    • Prime Minister - Geir Haarde, Prime Minister of Iceland (2006–2009)
  • Ireland
    • President - Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
      2. Brian Cowen, Taoiseach of Ireland (2008–2011)
  • Italy
    • President - Giorgio Napolitano, President of Italy (2006–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Romano Prodi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2006–2008)
      2. Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2008–2011)
  • Latvia
    • President - Valdis Zatlers, President of Latvia (2007–2011)
    • Prime Minister - Ivars Godmanis, Prime Minister of Latvia (2007–2009)
  • Liechtenstein
    • Monarch - Hans Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
    • Regent - Prince Alois, Regent of Liechtenstein (2004 – present)
    • Prime Minister - Otmar Hasler, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2001–2009)
  • Lithuania
    • President - Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (2004–2009)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Gediminas Kirkilas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2006–2008)
      2. Andrius Kubilius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2008–2012)
  • Luxembourg
    • Monarch - Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
    • Prime Minister - Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–present)
  • Macedonia
    • President - Branko Crvenkovski, President of Macedonia (2004–2009)
    • Prime Minister - Nikola Gruevski, Prime Minister of Macedonia (2006–present)
  • Malta
    • President - Eddie Fenech Adami, President of Malta (2004–2009)
    • Prime Minister - Lawrence Gonzi, Prime Minister of Malta (2004–present)
  • Moldova
    • President - Vladimir Voronin, President of Moldova (2001–2009)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Vasile Tarlev, Prime Minister of Moldova (2001–2008)
      2. Zinaida Greceanîi, Prime Minister of Moldova (2008–2009)
    • Transnistria (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President - Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011)
  • Monaco
    • Monarch - Albert II, Prince of Monaco (2005–present)
    • Minister of State - Jean-Paul Proust, Minister of State of Monaco (2005–2010)
  • Montenegro
    • President - Filip Vujanović, President of Montenegro (2002–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Željko Šturanović, President of the Government of Montenegro (2006–2008)
      2. Milo Đukanović, President of the Government of Montenegro (2008–2010)
  • Kingdom of the Netherlands
    • Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
    • Netherlands (constituent country)
      • Prime Minister - Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2002–2010)
    • Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
      • see under North America
    • Aruba (constituent country)
      • see under North America
  • Norway
    • Monarch - Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
    • Prime Minister - Jens Stoltenberg, Prime Minister of Norway (2005–present)
  • Poland
    • President - Lech Kaczyński, President of Poland (2005–2010)
    • Prime Minister - Donald Tusk, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2007–present)
  • Portugal
    • President - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, President of Portugal (2006–present)
    • Prime Minister - José Sócrates, Prime Minister of Portugal (2005–2011)
  • Romania
    • President - Traian Băsescu, President of Romania (2004–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu, Prime Minister of Romania (2004–2008)
      2. Emil Boc, Prime Minister of Romania (2008–2012)
  • Russia
    • President -
      1. Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008)
      2. Dmitry Medvedev, President of Russia (2008–2012)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Viktor Zubkov, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2007–2008)
      2. Vladimir Putin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2008–2012)
  • San Marino
    • Captains-Regent -
      1. Mirko Tomassoni and Alberto Selva, Captains-Regent of San Marino (October 2007–April 2008)
      2. Rosa Zafferani and Federico Pedini Amati, Captains-Regent of San Marino (April 2008–October 2008)
      3. Ernesto Benedettini and Assunta Meloni, Captains-Regent of San Marino (October 2008-April 2009)
  • Serbia
    • President - Boris Tadić, President of Serbia (2004–2012)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Vojislav Koštunica, President of the Government of Serbia (2004–2008)
      2. Mirko Cvetković, President of the Government of Serbia (2008–2012)
    • Kosovo (partially recognized secessionist state under nominal international administration)
    • declared independence on 17 February 2008
      • President - Fatmir Sejdiu, President of Kosovo (2006–2010)
      • Prime Minister -
        1. Agim Çeku, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2006–2008)
        2. Hashim Thaçi, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2008–present)
      • UN Special Representative -
        1. Joachim Rücker, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2006–2008)
        2. Lamberto Zannier, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2008–2011)
  • Slovakia
    • President - Ivan Gašparovič, President of Slovakia (2004–present)
    • Prime Minister - Robert Fico, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2006–2010)
  • Slovenia
    • President - Danilo Türk, President of Slovenia (2007–2012)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Janez Janša, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2004–2008)
      2. Borut Pahor, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2008–2012)
  • Spain
    • Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
    • Prime Minister - José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, President of the Government of Spain (2004–2011)
  • Sweden
    • Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
    • Prime Minister - Fredrik Reinfeldt, Prime Minister of Sweden (2006–present)
  • Switzerland
    • Federal Council - Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009, President), Samuel Schmid (2000–2008), Micheline Calmy-Rey (2002–2011), Hans-Rudolf Merz (2003–2010), Doris Leuthard (2006–present), Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (2008–present)
  • Ukraine
    • President - Viktor Yushchenko, President of Ukraine (2005–2010)
    • Prime Minister - Yulia Tymoshenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2007–2010)
  • United Kingdom
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
    • Prime Minister - Gordon Brown, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2007–2010)
    • Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Fabian Malbon, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (2005–2011)
      • Chief minister -
        1. Mike Torode, Chief Minister of Guernsey (2007–2008)
        2. Lyndon Trott, Chief Minister of Guernsey (2008–2012)
    • Jersey (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Andrew Ridgway, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (2006–2011)
      • Chief Minister -
        1. Frank Walker, Chief Minister of Jersey (2005–2008)
        2. Terry Le Sueur, Chief Minister of Jersey (2008–2011)
    • Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Paul Haddacks, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (2005–2011)
      • Chief minister - Tony Brown, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2006–2011)
    • Gibraltar (British overseas territory)
      • Governor - Sir Robert Fulton, Governor of Gibraltar (2006–2009)
      • Chief Minister - Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)
  • Vatican City
    • Monarch - Pope Benedict XVI, Sovereign of Vatican City (2005–present)
    • President of the Governorate - Giovanni Lajolo, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (2006–2011)
    • Holy See
      • Secretary of State - Tarcisio Bertone, Cardinal Secretary of State (2006–present)

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    “Can we never extract the tapeworm of Europe from the brain of our countrymen?”
    —Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)