List of State Leaders in 1588 - Europe

Europe

  • Kingdom of Denmark and Norway
      1. Frederick II (1559–1588)
      2. Christian IV (1588–1648)
    • Duchy of Schleswig -
        1. Frederick II (1559–1588) and Philip (1587–1590) in condominial rule
        2. Christian IV (1588–1648) and Philip (1587–1590) in condominial rule
  • Kingdom of England — Elizabeth I (1558–1603)
  • Kingdom of France - Henry III (1574–1589)
  • Holy Roman Empire - Rudolf II (1576–1612)
    • Duchy of Holstein -
        1. Frederick II (1559–1588) and Philip (1587–1590) in condominial rule
        2. Christian IV (1588–1648) and Philip (1587–1590) in condominial rule
    • Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck - John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1586–1607)
  • Royal Hungary - Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (as Rudolf I) (1576–1608)
  • Kingdom of Navarre - Henry III (1572–1610)
  • Ottoman (Turkish) Empire - Murat III (1574–1595)
  • Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth - Sigismund III Vasa (1587–1632)
  • Russia
    • Tsar - Feodor I, Tsar of Russia (1584–1598)
    • Regent - Boris Godunov (1584–1598)
  • Kingdom of Scotland - James VI (1567–1625)
  • Kingdom of Spain and Kingdom of Portugal - Philip II (1556–1598)
  • Kingdom of Sweden - John III (1568–1592)
  • United Provinces
    • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
    • Stadtholder - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland (1585–1625)
    • Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan van Oldebarnevelt (1586–1619)
  • Republic of Venice - Pasqual Cicogna, Doge of Venice (1585–1595)

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Famous quotes containing the word europe:

    “When Paris sneezes, Europe catches cold.”
    —Prince Metternich (1773–1859)

    “In Europe art has to a large degree taken the place of religion. In America it seems rather to be science.”
    —Johan Huizinga (1872–1945)

    “Europe has lived on its contradictions, flourished on its differences, and, constantly transcending itself thereby, has created a civilization on which the whole world depends even when rejecting it. This is why I do not believe in a Europe unified under the weight of an ideology or of a technocracy that overlooked these differences.”
    —Albert Camus (1913–1960)