List of Spanish Words of Basque/Iberian Origin - Iberian

Iberian

• ardilla "squirrel", diminutive of obsolete arda, from harda.
• argaña, from *arganna
• árgoma "heather"; related to argaña
• aro "big metal or wooden ring". Perhaps instead from an Indo-European word *aros "circle; wheel" (BDELC).
• arroyo "stream", from LL arrugia "mineshaft" (Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, 33.70), from Iberian meaning "stream, channel"; also Portuguese arroio, Friulian roggia, Italian (Val Gardena) roia, Venetian roza; related to Spanish cuérrago "riverbed".
• artiga "busted sod, tilled earth" (> artigar "to till, bust sod"; DRAE). Coromines proposed instead: 1) Celtic or Indo-European word akin to Welsh aredig "tillage" or Old High German art "cultivated land". This comparison was already suggested by Hubschmid who related the term with Indo-European verbs such as Latin arare "to plough"; 2) Iberian
• balsa "pond, pool" (also Catalan bassa). Pre-roman, probably Iberian (BDELC). (In Basque it is a Spanish loanword).
• barda "boundary hedge, fence, or wall; brush, thorn, or straw covering over pens or orchards"; perhaps Iberian (also in ). (BDELC)
• barro "mud" (also Aragonese bardo, Catalan bard), from *bardum; alternatively, from Hispano-Celtic.
• calabaza "pumpkin", from *calapacceu (cf. Catalan carabassa), from calappacu "lizard, reptile, turtle" (see galápago below).
• cama "bed"; (Isidore, 7th c.) (BDELC, 101), from Iberian.
• caspa "dandruff"
• cazurro "rude, unsociable, malicious", formerly "obscene, crass, lewd"; alternatively from Arabic qadur "unsociable, dirty"
• coscojo "kermes oak gall" (also Catalan coscoll "scarlet"), from Latin cusculius, from Iberian.
• cuérrago "riverbed", from Latin Latin corrugus "canal, water conduit in a mine", from Iberian; related to arroyo.
• galápago "tortoise" (also Catalan calàpat "toad"), from *calappacu.
• gándara "low wasteland, wilderness", from Late Latin gangadia.
• garabato "pothook; squiggle"
• garduña "marten"
• garma "scree, steep mountain slope"
• gazapo "young rabbit" (also Portuguese caçapo)
• gordo "fat", from Latin gurdus "thick, heavy, clumsy, awkward" (Quintilian, a.d. 35-100, Institutio Oratoria 1.5.57, used for stolidus "stupid"); also Portuguese, French gourd "numb, stiff', Italian dialects.
• gusano (var. gusarapo) "worm" (rivaled by inherited Sp verme)
• manteca "lard" (Pg manteiga, Cat mantega), from *manteica. Corminas suggests an Indo-European origin.
• maraña "thicket"
• marueco, morueco "(uncastrated) ram" (also Catalan marrà, mardà), from *mard-.
• parra "grapevine, trellis" (also Catalan/Portuguese parra, Occitan parran); Corominas (BDELC) gives Gothic *parra, -ans "surrounded, encircled", yet no such form or related word is attested in any Germanic language.
• perro "dog", originally "cur"; ousted Old Spanish can
• rebeco "ibex", from older rebezo (1475), robezo (1434), from Old Spanish ueko, from Late Latin hybicum, from Latin ibex, -icis, from Iberian, with influence from Old Spanish reves(s)o "cantankerous, not broken in, untamed".
• sima "chasm"; Coromines considers to be dubious the comparison with some Indo-European words with meanings as "frontier" or "cord".
• sobaco "underarm, armpit" (also Portuguese sovaco)
• tamo "chaff"
• urraca "magpie" (BDELC p. 564); alternatively from Hispano-Celtic *vracca "crone"; cf. Old Irish fracc "woman", Breton gwrac'h "old woman, crone", Cornish gwragh "crone, witch", Welsh gwrach "id."; derivative of *vraci: Br gwreg "woman", C gwrêk, W gwraig.