List of German Inventors and Discoverers - S

S

• Carl Wilhelm Scheele: Oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), identification of molybdenum, tungsten, barium, hydrogen and chlorine
• Arthur Scherbius: Developed the mechanical cipher machine Enigma. Patent granted in 1918.
• Paul Schlack: Invented Nylon 6.
• Friedrich Albert Moritz Schlick: Was a German philosopher, physicist and the founding father of logical positivism and the Vienna Circle.
• Heinrich Schliemann: Father of archaeology, among other things he discovered Homeric Troy.
• Hugo Schmeisser: Developed the first modern assault rifle StG 44 in 1942.
• Bernhard Schmidt: Discovered major improvements to the telescope.
• Paul Schmidt (inventor): Developed since 1928 his idea of a new drive, the "pulsating incineration", also used in the V-1 flying bomb (engine was called "Argus-Schmidtrohr"); pulsejet was a development by Schmidt.
• Christian Friedrich Schönbein: Professor Schönbein is credited with four scientific advances: Ozone, Gun cotton, Collodion and Fuel cell
• Johann Lukas Schönlein: Professor of medicine, he discovered among other things the parasitic cause of ringworm or favus (Achorion Schönleinii).

• Otto Schoetensack: Named the Homo heidelbergensis.
• Otto Schott: Inventor of borosilicate glass. Donated his shares in the company Carl Zeiss to form Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung, still in existence today.
• Walter H. Schottky: Played a major early role in developing the theory of electron and ion emission phenomena, invented the screen-grid vacuum tube and the pentode.
• Marx Schwab: Silversmith, invented coining with the screw press around 1550.
• Theodor Schwann: Discovery of properties of cells in animals.
• Alois Senefelder: He invented the printing technique of lithography in 1796.
• Friedrich Sertürner: First to isolate morphine from the opium poppy in 1803/1804, discovering morphine.
• Philipp Franz von Siebold: Physician and naturalist, detailed description and collection of the Japanese flora and fauna. Introduced Western medicine to Japan and opened a medical school.
• Ernst Werner von Siemens: Dynamo, pointer telegraph that used a needle to point to the right letter, first electric elevator, trolleybus.
• Friedrich Soennecken: Invented Hole punch and ring binder.
• Arnold Sommerfeld: Theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics.
• Jack Steinberger: German-American-Swiss physicist, co-discovered the muon neutrino, shared 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics.
• Georg Wilhelm Steller: Chief naturalist on Vitus Bering's expedition during which Alaska was discovered (1741) and pioneer of Alaskan Natural History. Steller's sea cow (now extinct) was named after him.
• Otto Stern: Nobel laureate; contributed to the discovery of spin quantization in the Stern-Gerlach experiment with Walther Gerlach in 1922.
• Heinrich Stölzel: Developed the valve for brass instruments which is used today in 1818. Friedrich Blühmel had made a similar development independently at the same time.
• Horst Ludwig Störmer: German-American physicist. Shared the Nobel Prize in 1998 for the discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations.
• Levi Strauss: The German American father of blue jeans.
• Eduard Suess: Discoveries in geology.