There were 51 Free Imperial Cities in the Holy Roman Empire as of 1792. They are listed here with their official confessional status after the Peace of Westphalia (1648).
- Aachen (Catholic)
- Aalen (Lutheran)
- Augsburg (bi-denominational)
- Biberach (bi-denominational)
- Bopfingen (Lutheran)
- Bremen (Calvinist)
- Buchau (Catholic)
- Buchhorn (Catholic)
- Cologne (Catholic)
- Dinkelsbühl (bi-denominational)
- Dortmund (Lutheran)
- Esslingen am Neckar (Lutheran)
- Frankfurt am Main (Lutheran)
- Friedberg (Lutheran)
- Gengenbach (Catholic)
- Giengen (Lutheran)
- Goslar (Lutheran)
- Hamburg (Lutheran)
- Heilbronn (Lutheran)
- Isny im Allgäu (Lutheran)
- Kaufbeuren (Lutheran)
- Kempten (Lutheran)
- Leutkirch im Allgäu (Lutheran)
- Lindau (Lutheran)
- Lübeck (Lutheran)
- Memmingen (Lutheran)
- Mühlhausen (Lutheran)
- Nordhausen (Lutheran)
- Nördlingen (Lutheran)
- Nuremberg (Lutheran)
- Offenburg (Catholic)
- Pfullendorf (Catholic)
- Ravensburg (bi-denominational)
- Regensburg (Lutheran)
- Reutlingen (Lutheran)
- Rothenburg ob der Tauber
- Rottweil (Catholic)
- Schwäbisch Gmünd (Catholic)
- Schwäbisch Hall (Lutheran)
- Schweinfurt (Lutheran)
- Speyer (Lutheran)
- Überlingen (Catholic)
- Ulm (Lutheran)
- Wangen (Catholic)
- Weil (Catholic)
- Weißenburg in Bayern (Nordgau) (Lutheran)
- Wetzlar (Lutheran)
- Wimpfen (Lutheran)
- Windsheim (Lutheran)
- Worms (Lutheran)
- Zell am Harmersbach (Catholic)
Other cities which were once Free Imperial cities, but had ceased to be so by 1792, include:
- Baden (formally only?)
- Basel (became a Swiss Canton, 1501, independence from the Empire recognized 1648)
- Bern (became a Swiss Canton, 1351, independence recognized 1648)
- Bisanz (Besançon) (annexed by Spain, 1648)
- Brakel (annexed by the bishop of Paderborn)
- Bremgarten (formally only?)
- Kamerich (Cambrai) (to France, 1677)
- Diessenhofen
- Deventer
- Donauwörth (to Bavaria, 1617)
- Duisburg (to Cleves, 1290)
- Düren (to Jülich)
- Frauenfeld
- Freiburg im Üechtland (Fribourg) (became a Swiss Canton)
- Gelnhausen (to Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), 1745)
- Hagenau (annexed by France, 1670s)
- Herford (to Brandenburg)
- Colmar (annexed by France, 1673, confirmed 1697)
- Kampen
- Kaisersberg (annexed by France, 1648)
- Kessenich
- Konstanz (annexed by Austria, 1548)
- Landau (annexed by France, 1648)
- Lemgo (to Lippe)
- Lucerne (became a Swiss Canton, independence recognized 1648)
- Mainz (returned to the control of its archbishop, 1462)
- Metz (annexed by France, 1552)
- Mühlhausen (Mulhouse) (an associate of the Swiss Confederation after 1648, annexed by France, 1798)
- Münster im Elsass (annexed by France, 1648)
- Murten (to Savoy, 1255)
- Nijmegen (to Guelders, 1247)
- Oberehnheim (annexed by France, 1648)
- Rapperswil
- Rheinfelden (to the Habsburgs, 1330)
- Riga (to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1581)
- Rosheim (annexed by France, 1648)
- Saarburg (Sarrebourg) (annexed by France)
- Schaffhausen (became a Swiss Canton, 1501, independence recognized 1648)
- Schmalkalden (to Hesse, 1581)
- Schlettstadt (Sélestat) (annexed by France, 1670s)
- Soest (to Duchy of Cleves/Brandenburg, 1609)
- Solothurn (became a Swiss Canton, 1481, independence recognized 1648)
- Strassburg (annexed by France, 1681, confirmed 1697)
- Toul (annexed by France, 1552)
- Türkheim (Turckheim) (annexed by France, 1648)
- Verden (to Duchy of Verden, 1648)
- Verdun (annexed by France, 1552)
- Warburg (annexed by the prince-bishop of Paderborn)
- Winterthur
- Weißenburg (Wissembourg) (annexed by France, 1648)
- Zug (became a Swiss Canton, independence recognized 1648)
- Zürich (became a Swiss Canton, 1351, independence recognized 1648)
Famous quotes containing the words list of, list, free, imperial and/or cities:
“Modern tourist guides have helped raised tourist expectations. And they have provided the natives—from Kaiser Wilhelm down to the villagers of Chichacestenango—with a detailed and itemized list of what is expected of them and when. These are the up-to- date scripts for actors on the tourists’ stage.”
—Daniel J. Boorstin (b. 1914)
“All is possible,
Who so list believe;
Trust therefore first, and after preve,
As men wed ladies by license and leave,
All is possible.”
—Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503?–1542)
“Don’t get involved in partial problems, but always take flight to where there is a free view over the whole single great problem, even if this view is still not a clear one.”
—Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951)
“Insensibility, of all kinds, and on all occasions, most moves my imperial displeasure.”
—Frances Burney (1752–1840)
“The cities are the principal home and seat of the human group. They are the coral colony for Man, the collective being.”
—Alfred Döblin (1878–1957)