- Abella (14th century), Italian physician
- Bettina d'Andrea (d. 1335), Italian lawyer and philosopher
- Novella d'Andrea (d. 1333), Italian lawyer
- Hildegard von Bingen (1099–1179), German natural philosopher
- Dorotea Bocchi (fl. 1390), Italian professor of medicine
- Constance Calenda (15th century), Italian surgeon specialising in diseases of the eye
- Constanza, Italian physician
- Calrice di Durisio (15th century), Italian physician
- Jacobina Félicie (fl. 1322), Italian physician
- Alessandra Giliani (fl. 1318), Italian anatomist
- Rebecca de Guarna (14th century), Italian physician
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- Heloise (12th century), French mathematician and physician
- Herrad of Landsberg (c.1130–1195), German/French author of the encyclopedia and technological compendium Garden of Delight
- Maria Incarnata, Italian surgeon
- Lilavati (c. 12th century), daughter featured in Bhāskara II's treatise on mathematics, who solves mathematical exercises
- Margarita (14th century), Italian physician
- Thomasia de Mattio, Italian physician
- Mercuriade (14th century), Italian physician and surgeon
- Empress Theodora (500–545), Byzantine philosopher and mathematician
- Trotula of Salerno (c. 1090), Italian physician
- Walborg and Karin Jota (c. 1350), Swedish officials of the court
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