State Senators
Section 15 of the Australian Constitution requires the parliament of the relevant state to choose a replacement. This is done in a joint sitting of the upper and lower house (except for Queensland, which has a unicameral parliament). In the event that the state parliament is not in session, the Governor of the state (acting on the advice of the state's executive council) may appoint a replacement senator, but such an appointment lapses if it is not confirmed by a joint sitting of the parliament within 14 days.
Prior to 29 July 1977, it was an established convention that the state parliament choose (or the governor appoint) a replacement from the same political party as their predecessor. This is now a constitutional requirement.
Read more about this topic: List Of Australian Senate Appointments
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