List of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols - Hybrid (both Pro-active and Reactive) Routing

Hybrid (both Pro-active and Reactive) Routing

This type of protocols combines the advantages of proactive and of reactive routing. The routing is initially established with some proactively prospected routes and then serves the demand from additionally activated nodes through reactive flooding. The choice for one or the other method requires predetermination for typical cases. The main disadvantages of such algorithms are:

1. Advantage depends on number of Mathavan nodes activated.
2. Reaction to traffic demand depends on gradient of traffic volume.

Examples of hybrid algorithms are:

• HRPLS (Hybrid Routing Protocol for Large Scale Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Mobile Backbones) – Ashish Pandey, Md. Nasir Ahmed, Nilesh Kumar, P. Gupta: A Hybrid Routing Scheme for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Mobile Backbones, IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing, HIPC 2006, pp. 411–423, Dec 2006.
• HWMP (Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol) – default mandatory routing protocol for 802.11s. HWMP is inspired by a combination of AODV (RFC 3561 ) and tree-based proactive routing. Guenael Strutt: HWMP Specification Update. The Working Group for WLAN Standards of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 14 November 2006
• Order One Network Protocol This proprietary protocol locates "central" nodes by locally measuring a node's access to more nodes. A route starts by contacting the center, then propagates toward the edge of the network to get more bandwidth. OON can quickly test if a node is in the network, by using the central nodes as a meeting place. The inventors claim that the protocol self-organizes with less traffic than AODV or OLSR, and maintains mobile networks with better reliability and less network traffic. Sample code is available, and the protocol has commercial licensees. Early forms of OON used ant-trail routing, but it was reworked to use dynamic state-based routing based on Dijkstra's algorithm.
• ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol) – ZYGMUNT J. HAAS, MARC R. PEARLMAN, PRINCE SAMAR The Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) for Ad Hoc Networks, Internet Draft, http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-manet-zone-zrp, work in progress, July 2002. ZRP uses IARP as pro-active and IERP as reactive component.