Affirmative Action Cases
In 2003, while serving as president of the University of Michigan, Bollinger made headlines as the named defendant in the Supreme Court cases Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger. In the Grutter case, the Court found by a 5-4 margin that the affirmative action policies of the University of Michigan Law School were constitutional. But at the same time, it found by a 6-3 margin in the Gratz case that the undergraduate admissions policies of Michigan were not narrowly tailored to a compelling interest in diversity, and thus that they violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
In 2006, affirmative action in university admissions in the state of Michigan was banned by a ballot initiative known as the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative.
Read more about this topic: Lee Bollinger
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“Affirmative action was never meant to be permanent, and now is truly the time to move on to some other approach.”
—Susan Estrich (b. 1952)
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—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
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—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)