Consonant Chart
The table below shows the Lao consonant, its name, its pronunciation according to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), as well as various romanisation schemes, such as the French-based systems in use by both the US Board of Geographic Names and the British Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (BGN/PCGN), the English-based system in use by the US Library of Congress (LC), Royal Thai General System of Transcription (RTSG) used in Thailand, and finally its Unicode name. A slash indicates the pronunciation at the beginning juxtaposed with its pronunciation at the end of a syllable.
| Letter | Name | Initial position | Final position | Unicode | Tone Class | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | BGN/PCGN | LC | RTSG | IPA | BGN/PCGN | LC | RTSG | |||||
| ກ | ກ ໄກ່ | kāi, chicken | /k/ | k | /k/ | k | KO | Middle | ||||
| ຂ | ຂ ໄຂ່ | kʰāi, egg | /kʰ/ | kh | /k/ | k | KHO SUNG | High | ||||
| ຄ | ຄ ຄວາຍ | kʷʰáːj, water buffalo | /kʰ/ | kh | /k/ | k | KHO TAM | Low | ||||
| ງ | ງ ງົວ or ງູ | ŋúə, ox or ŋúː, snake | /ŋ/ | ng | /ŋ/ | ng | NGO | Low | ||||
| ຈ | ຈ ຈອກ | tɕɔ̏ːk, glass | /tɕ/ | ch | /t/ | t | CO | Middle | ||||
| ສ | ສ ເສືອ | sɯˇːə, tiger | /s/ | s | /t/ | t | SO SUNG | High | ||||
| ຊ | ຊ ຊ້າງ | sâːŋ, elephant | /s/ | x | s | /t/ | t | SO TAM | Low | |||
| ຍ | ຍ ຍຸງ | ɲúŋ, mosquito | /ɲ/ | gn | ny | y | – | – | NYO | Low | ||
| ດ | ດ ເດັກ | dék, child | /d/ | d | /t/ | t | DO | Middle | ||||
| ຕ | ຕ ຕາ | tàː, eye | /t/ | t | /t/ | t | TO | Middle | ||||
| ຖ | ຖ ຖົງ | tʰǒŋ, stocking | /tʰ/ | th | /t/ | t | THO SUNG | High | ||||
| ທ | ທ ທຸງ | tʰúŋ, flag | /tʰ/ | th | /t/ | t | THO TAM | Low | ||||
| ນ | ນ ນົກ | nōk, bird | /n/ | n | /n/ | ne | n | NO | Low | |||
| ບ | ບ ແບ້ | bɛ̑ː, goat | /b/ | b | /p/ | p | BO | Middle | ||||
| ປ | ປ ປາ | paː, fish | /p/ | p | /p/ | p | PO | Middle | ||||
| ຜ | ຜ ເຜິ້ງ | pʰɤ ̏ŋ, bee | /pʰ/ | ph | – | – | PHO SUNG | High | ||||
| ຝ | ຝ ຝົນ | fǒn, rain | /f/ | f | /p/ | p | FO TAM | High | ||||
| ພ | ພ ພູ | pʰúː, mountain | /pʰ/ | ph | /p/ | p | PHO TAM | Low | ||||
| ຟ | ຟ ໄຟ | fáj, fire | /f/ | f | /p/ | p | FO SUNG | Low | ||||
| ມ | ມ ແມວ | mɛ́ːw, cat | /m/ | m | /m/ | m | MO | Low | ||||
| ຢ | ຢ ຢາ | jaː, medicine | /j/ | y | – | – | YO | Middle | ||||
| ຣ | ຣ ຣົຖ or ຣະຄັງ | rōt, car or rākʰáŋ, bell | /r/,/l/ | r | n | ne | n | LO LING | Low | |||
| ລ | ລ ລີງ | líːŋ, monkey | /l/ | l | /n/ | ne | n | LO LOOT | Low | |||
| ວ | ວ ວີ | víː, fan | /ʋ/,/w/ | v | v,w | – | – | WO | Low | |||
| ຫ | ຫ ຫ່ານ | hāːn, goose | /h/ | h | – | – | HO SUNG | High | ||||
| ອ | ອ ໂອ | ʔòː, bowl | /ʔ/ | – | – | – | O | Middle | ||||
| ຮ | ຮ ເຮືອນ | hɯ´ːən, house | /h/ | h | – | – | HO TAM | Low | ||||
Note that the Unicode names for the characters ຝ (FO TAM) and ຟ (FO SUNG) are reversed. The same is true for ຣ (LO LING) and ລ (LO LOOT). This error was introduced into the Unicode standard and cannot be fixed, as character names are immutable.
Read more about this topic: Lao Alphabet, Consonants
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