Language Planning Goals
Eleven Language Planning Goals have been recognized (Nahir 2003):
- Language Purification – prescription of usage in order to preserve the “linguistic purity” of language, protect language from foreign influences, and guard against language deviation from within
- Language Revival – the attempt to turn a language with few or no surviving native speakers back into a normal means of communication
- Language Reform – deliberate change in specific aspects of language, like orthography, spelling, or grammar, in order to facilitate use
- Language Standardization – the attempt to garner prestige for a regional language or dialect, transforming it into one that is accepted as the major language, or standard language, of a region
- Language Spread – the attempt to increase the number of speakers of one language at the expense of another
- Lexical Modernization – word creation or adaptation
- Terminology Unification – development of unified terminologies, primarily in technical domains
- Stylistic Simplification – simplification of language usage in lexicon, grammar, and style
- Interlingual Communication – facilitation of linguistic communication between members of distinct speech communities
- Language Maintenance – preservation of the use of a group’s native language as a first or second language where pressures threaten or cause a decline in the status of the language
- Auxiliary-Code Standardization – standardization of marginal, auxiliary aspects of language such as signs for the deaf, place names, or rules of transliteration and transcription
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