Kyustendil Dialect - Phonological and Morphological Characteristics

Phonological and Morphological Characteristics

• щ/жд (ʃt~ʒd) for Proto-Slavic *tʲ~*dʲ (as in Standard Bulgarian) - леща, между (lentils, between). The future tense particle, however, is че: че че'темe vs. Standard Bulgarian ще четем (we will read)
• Vowel a for Old Bulgarian ѫ (yus): маж vs. formal Bulgarian мъж (man). Limited number of u reflexes of yus (as in the Samokov and the Dupnitsa dialect): пупка vs. Standard Bulgarian пъпка (pimple)
• Vowel o for Old Bulgarian ъ in suffixes and prefixes and most roots and a limited number of a reflexes in certain roots: сос него vs. Standard Bulgarian със него (with him), бочва vs. Standard Bulgarian бъчва (cask) but вашка vs. Standard Bulgarian въшка (louse)
• Vocalic r for Old Bulgarian ръ/рь instead of the combination ръ/ър (rə~ər) in Standard Bulgarian - дрво instead of дърво (tree).
• The reflex of Old Bulgarian лъ/ль is:

Before non-labial consonant - schwa (ə): съза vs. formal Bulgarian сълза

Before labial consonant - u: вуна vs. formal Bulgarian вълна (wool)

• Verb ending -м in verbs of the first and second conjugation: чет'ем vs. formal Bulgarian чет'ъ (I read)
• Adverbial participal on -ечки (vs. -ейки/айки in Standard Bulgarian): играечки vs. formal Bulgarian играейки (while playing)
• Еnding йe instead of formal Bulgarian и for multi-syllable masculine nouns (галабйе instead of гълъби)
• Dynamic stress

For other phonological and morphological characteristics typical for all Southwestern dialects, cf. Southwestern Bulgarian dialects.