Kornblum Oxidation - Alterations

Alterations

There are a number of variants and alternatives of the Kornblum oxidation. These alterations include using silver-assisted DMSO oxidations, the use of amine oxides as oxidants (occasionally called the Ganem oxidation), the use of Pyridine-N-oxide or 2-picoline-N-oxide and a base, the use of metal nitrates, Sommelet oxidation, and Kröhnke oxidation. The Kornblum oxidation can be also be effected through the use of microwave assistance. Microwave assisted organic synthesis of the Kornblum oxidation has been shown to increase yield and decrease the reaction time through elimination of an unnecessary intermediate. The microwaves cause the solvent to reach boiling its boiling point much sooner, possibly leading to evaporation of the dimethyl thioether, therefore reducing any byproducts of the starting material reacting with the thioether. In usual heating, some aliphatic chlorides give low yields or no results at all, but with microwave assisted radiation, they can give intermediate yields.