The Kingdom of Tungning (simplified Chinese: 东宁王国; traditional Chinese: 東寧王國; pinyin: Dōngníng Wángguó) or Kingdom of Formosa was a government that ruled Taiwan between 1661 and 1683. A pro-Ming Dynasty state, it was founded by Koxinga (also known as Zheng Chenggong) (鄭成功) after the Ming government in China was replaced by the Manchu-ruled Qing Dynasty. Koxinga hoped to use the island as a base of operations to train military forces and recapture mainland China from the Manchus.
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“He is a strong man who can hold down his opinion. A man cannot utter two or three sentences, without disclosing to intelligent ears precisely where he stands in life and thought, namely, whether in the kingdom of the senses and the understanding, or, in that of ideas and imagination, in the realm of intuitions and duty.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
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—William Shakespeare (1564–1616)