The Kingdom of Bavaria (German: Königreich Bayern) was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918. The Bavarian Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of the House of Wittelsbach became the first King of Bavaria in 1806 as Maximilian I Joseph. The monarchy would remain held by the Wittelsbachs until the kingdom's dissolution in 1918. Most of Bavaria's modern-day borders were established after 1814 with the Treaty of Paris, in which Bavaria ceded Tyrol and Vorarlberg to the Austrian Empire while receiving Aschaffenburg and parts of Hesse-Darmstadt. As a state within the German Empire, the kingdom was second in size only to the Kingdom of Prussia. Since the unification of Germany in 1871, Bavaria has remained part of Germany.
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“The “kingdom of heaven” is a condition of the heart—not something that comes “above the earth” or “after death.””
—Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)
“I’ll give my jewels for a set of beads,
My gorgeous palace for a hermitage,
...
And my large kingdom for a little grave,
A little, little grave, an obscure grave.”
—William Shakespeare (1564–1616)