Exponential Key Exchange
The first publicly known public-key agreement protocol that meets the above criteria was the Diffie-Hellman exponential key exchange, in which two parties jointly exponentiate a generator with random numbers, in such a way that an eavesdropper has no way of guessing what the key is.
However, exponential key exchange in and of itself does not specify any prior agreement or subsequent authentication between the participants. It has thus been described as an anonymous key agreement protocol.
Read more about this topic: Key-agreement Protocol
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