John James Rickard Macleod FRS (6 September 1876 – 16 March 1935) was a Scottish biochemist and physiologist. He devoted his career to diverse topics in physiology and biochemistry, but was chiefly interested in carbohydrate metabolism. He is noted for his role in the discovery and isolation of insulin during his tenure as a lecturer at the University of Toronto, for which he and Frederick Banting received the 1923 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine. Awarding the prize to Macleod was one of the most controversial acts of the Nobel Foundation, because according to many (including Banting), his role in the discovery was negligible. It was not until decades after the events that an independent revision acknowledged a far greater role than was attributed to him at first.
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