Joelson is the name of:
- Given names
- Joelson Santos Silva, aka simply "Joelson" (born 1980, Uruçuca-BA), a Brazilian attacking midfielder
- Joelson José Inácio (born 1983), a Brazilian footballer
- Family names
- Charles Samuel Joelson (1916 - 1999), an American lawyer and politician
- Tsianina Joelson (born 1975), American actress and fitness model