Ius - Meanings of ius

Meanings of ius

Ius in ancient Roman law had two principal meanings, which are still reflected in French droit, German Recht, English right and Spanish Derecho. Ferdinand Mackeldy, 19th-century jurist, analyzed them into two principles: ius is the law, a set of compulsory rules (Jus est norma agendi, "law is a rule of conduct"), which he called objective or positive law, and a set of possibilities to act (Jus est facultas agendi, "law is a license to act"), which he called subjective law, or duties.

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