The ilioinguinal nerve is a branch of the first lumbar nerve (L1). It separates from the first lumbar nerve along with the larger iliohypogastric nerve.
It emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major just inferior to the iliohypogastric, and passes obliquely across the quadratus lumborum and iliacus. The ilioinguinal nerve then perforates the transversus abdominis near the anterior part of the iliac crest, and communicates with the iliohypogastric nerve between the transversus and the obliquus internus.
It then pierces the obliquus internus, distributing filaments to it, and then accompanies the spermatic cord through the superficial inguinal ring. Its fibers are then distributed to the skin of the upper and medial part of the thigh, and to the following locations in the male and female:
- In the male ("anterior scrotal nerve"): to the skin over the root of the penis and upper part of the scrotum.
- In the female ("anterior labial nerve"): to the skin covering the mons pubis and labium majus.
Note that the ilioinguinal nerve does not pass through the deep inguinal ring, and therefore it only travels through part of the inguinal canal.
Read more about Ilioinguinal Nerve: Variations, Additional Images
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