Description
HCM is a genetic disorder that causes the muscle of the heart (the myocardium) to thicken (or hypertrophy) without any apparent reason. When the heart thickens and becomes enlarged, particularly at the septum and left ventricle, it can cause dangerous arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms). The thickening of the heart makes it harder for blood to leave, forcing the heart to work more vigorously to pump blood.
HCM occurs in up to two per 1000 people in the general population, being a primary and familial malformation. While younger individuals are likely to have a more severe form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the condition is seen in people of all ages. Studies have shown that HCM is generally regarded as the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes, accounting for 36% of deaths. Almost half of deaths in HCM happen during or just after the patient has done some type of physical activity. Sudden death is frequently the first indication of the presence of HCM, where 90% of deaths in athletes occur in males. This is potentially due to the higher frequency of participation at a higher intensity in male athletics. 60% of athletes are of high school age at the time of death.
The first symptom of HCM among very young patients tends to be sudden collapse and possible death. However, other symptoms include exertional dyspnea (most common), chest pain, dizziness, fainting, high blood pressure (hypertension), heart palpitations, fatigue and shortness of breath. However, some patients have no symptoms and may not realize they have the condition until it is found during a routine medical exam.
Read more about this topic: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Screening
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