Signs and Symptoms
Signs that are found in patients on the affected side of the face include
- partial ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid from loss of sympathetic innervation to the superior tarsal muscle, also known as Müller's muscle)
- upside-down ptosis (slight elevation of the lower lid)
- anhidrosis (decreased sweating on the affected side of the face)
- miosis (small pupils)
- enophthalmos (the impression that the eye is sunk in)
- loss of ciliospinal reflex
- bloodshot conjunctiva, depending on the site of lesion.
Sometimes there is flushing on the affected side of the face due to dilation of blood vessels under the skin. The pupil's light reflex is maintained as this is controlled via the parasympathetic nervous system.
In children, Horner's syndrome sometimes leads to heterochromia: a difference in eye color between the two eyes. This happens because a lack of sympathetic stimulation in childhood interferes with melanin pigmentation of the melanocytes in the superficial stroma of the iris.
In veterinary medicine, signs can include partial closure of the third eyelid, or nictitating membrane.
Read more about this topic: Horner's Syndrome
Famous quotes containing the words signs and, signs and/or symptoms:
“Time has an undertaking establishment on every block and drives his coffin nails faster than the steam riveters rivet or the stenographers type or the tickers tick out fours and eights and dollar signs and ciphers.”
—John Dos Passos (1896–1970)
“Surrealism is a bourgeois disaffection; that its militants thought it universal is only one of the signs that it is typically bourgeois.”
—Susan Sontag (b. 1933)
“Protest, evasion, merry distrust, and a delight in mockery are symptoms of health: everything unconditional belongs in pathology.”
—Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)