History Of The Quran
Meccan suras - Medinan suras
1.Al-Fatiha - 2.Al-Baqara - 3.Al Imran - 4.An-Nisa - 5.Al-Ma'ida - 6.Al-An'am - 7.Al-A'raf - 8.Al-Anfal - 9.At-Tawba - 10.Yunus - 11.Hud - 12.Yusuf - 13.Ar-Ra'd - 14.Ibrahim - 15.Al-Hijr - 16.An-Nahl - 17.Al-Isra - 18.Al-Kahf - 19.Maryam - 20.Ta-Ha - 21.Al-Anbiya - 22.Al-Hajj - 23.Al-Mu’minoon - 24.An-Nur - 25.Al-Furqan - 26.Ash-Shu'ara - 27.An-Naml - 28.Al-Qasas - 29.Al-Ankabut - 30.Ar-Rum - 31.Luqman - 32.As-Sajda - 33.Al-Ahzab - 34.Saba - 35.Fatir - 36.Ya Sin - 37.As-Saaffat - 38.Sad - 39.Az-Zumar - 40.Ghafir - 41.Fussilat - 42.Ash-Shura - 43.Az-Zukhruf - 44.Ad-Dukhan - 45.Al-Jathiya - 46.Al-Ahqaf - 47.Muhammad - 48.Al-Fath - 49.Al-Hujurat - 50.Qaf - 51.Adh-Dhariyat - 52.At-Tur - 53.An-Najm - 54.Al-Qamar - 55.Ar-Rahman - 56.Al-Waqi'a - 57.Al-Hadid - 58.Al-Mujadila - 59.Al-Hashr - 60.Al-Mumtahina - 61.As-Saff - 62.Al-Jumuah - 63.Al-Munafiqun - 64.At-Taghabun - 65.At-Talaq - 66.At-Tahrim - 67.Al-Mulk - 68.Al-Qalam - 69.Al-Haaqqa - 70.Al-Maarij - 71.Nuh - 72.Al-Jinn - 73.Al-Muzzammil - 74.Al-Muddathir - 75.Al-Qiyama - 76.Al-Insan (al-Dahr) - 77.Al-Mursalat - 78.An-Naba - 79.An-Naziat - 80.Abasa - 81.At-Takwir - 82.Al-Infitar - 83.Al-Mutaffifin - 84.Al-Inshiqaq - 85.Al-Burooj - 86.At-Tariq - 87.Al-'Ala - 88.Al-Ghashiya - 89.Al-Fajr - 90.Al-Balad - 91.Ash-Shams - 92.Al-Lail - 93.Ad-Dhuha - 94.Al-Inshirah - 95.At-Tin - 96.Al-Alaq - 97.Al-Qadr - 98.Al-Bayyina - 99.Az-Zalzala - 100.Al-Adiyat - 101.Al-Qaria - 102.At-Takathur - 103.Al-Asr - 104.Al-Humaza - 105.Al-Fil - 106.Quraysh - 107.Al-Ma'un - 108.Al-Kawthar - 109.Al-Kafirun - 110.An-Nasr - 111.Al-Masadd - 112.Al-Ikhlas - 113.Al-Falaq - 114.Al-Nas
Adam (Ādam - آدم) - Enoch (Īdrīs - إدريس) - Noah (Nūḥ - نوح) - Eber (Hūd - هود) - Saleh (Ṣāliḥ - صالح) - Abraham (Ibrāhīm - إبراهيم) - Lot (Lūṭ - لوط) - Ishmael (Ismā‘īl - إسماعيل) - Isaac (Isḥāq - إسحاق) - Jacob (Ya‘qūb - يعقوب) - Joseph (Yūsuf - يوسف) - Job (Ayyūb - أيوب) - Jethro (Shu‘aib - شعيب) - Moses (Mūsá - موسى) - Aaron (Hārūn - هارون) - Ezekiel (Dhul-kifl - ذو الكفل) - David (Dāwud - داود) - Solomon (Sulaimān - سليمان) - Elijah (Ilyās - إلياس) - Elisha (Alyasa‘ - اليسع) - Jonah (Yūnus - يونس) - Zechariah (Zakariyyā - زكريا) - John the Baptist (Yaḥyá - يحيى) - Jesus (‘Īsá - عيسى) - Muhammad (Muḥammad - محمد)
Tajwid - Tarteel - Rasm - Muqatta'at - Ruku' - Sujud
Recitation and RecitersHafiz (List of Hafiz) - Qari' - Qira'at
List of translations - English translations
Mus'haf - Tanazzulat
Qisas Al-Anbiya - Persons related to verses - Asbab al-nuzul - Naskh - Biblical narratives - Tahrif - Bakkah - Esoteric interpretation
Shia - Criticism - Desecration - Surah of Wilaya and Nurayn -
Quran and Sunnah - Literalism - Justice - Miracles - Science - Legends - Beit Al Quran - Digital Quran - Female figures
◈ ◈ ◈
The compilation of the Qur'an spanned several decades and forms an important part of early Islamic history. Muslim accounts say it began in the year 610 when Gabriel (Arabic: جبريل, Jibrīl or جبرائيل, Jibrāʾīl) appeared to prophet Muhammad in the cave Hira near Mecca, reciting to him the first verses of the Sura Iqra (al-`Alaq), thus beginning the revelation of the Qur'an. Throughout his life, Muhammad continued to have revelations until before his death in 632. Muslim and non-Muslim scholars alike disagree on whether the Prophet compiled the Qur'an during his lifetime or if this task began with the first caliph Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (632-634). Once the Qur'an was compiled, due to the unanimity of the sources, Muslims agree that the Qur'an we see today was canonized by Uthman ibn Affan (653-656). Upon the canonization of the Qur'an, Uthman had the other codices that existed at the time destroyed and burnt. Due to this, it has become difficult for scholars to look at the different codices from before the canonization because no manuscripts remain and all that is left is varying accounts from different historians. Even though Uthman canonized the Qur'an during his reign in 653-656, small diacritical variations still remained in the Qur'an, which can be seen in the early manuscripts of the Umayyad and Abbasid Dynasties.
Due to varying historical documents, controversy is seen amongst scholars as to whether the Uthmanic codex we have before us today is authentic and complete. Most Muslim scholars believe the Uthmanic Qur'an is what was revealed to the Prophet in its entirety, while other non- muslim scholars believe verses were removed and other codices of the Qur'an are more absolute.
Some scholars debate the validity of the collection of the Qur'an as a whole. It is questioned as to whether the Qur'an ever existed in its entirety during Muhammad’s or Uthman’s time. Non- muslim traditionalist scholars accept much of early Muslim literature, albeit with a grain of salt, while skeptics reject this literature in its entirety. Both these views are generally opposed by Muslim academia. The text of the Qur'an used today is taken from one of the seven alternative reading styles by Ibn Mujahid (he reported there were fourteen) in the 10th century and published as the Royal Cairo edition by King Fuad of Egypt in 1924.
Read more about History Of The Quran: Revelation, The Collection of The Qur'an, Varying Codices and The Start of The Canonization, Early Manuscripts To The Final Canonical Text, Oldest Surviving Copy, Skeptical Scholars, Completeness
Famous quotes containing the words history of and/or history:
“What is most interesting and valuable in it, however, is not the materials for the history of Pontiac, or Braddock, or the Northwest, which it furnishes; not the annals of the country, but the natural facts, or perennials, which are ever without date. When out of history the truth shall be extracted, it will have shed its dates like withered leaves.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“Only the history of free peoples is worth our attention; the history of men under a despotism is merely a collection of anecdotes.”
—Sébastien-Roch Nicolas De Chamfort (1741–1794)