Politics in Polish Territory
By the late 19th century, Haskalah and the debates it caused created a growing number of political movements within the Jewish community itself, covering a wide range of views and vying for votes in local and regional elections. Zionism became very popular with the advent of the Poale Zion party as well as the religious Polish Mizrahi, and the increasingly popular General Zionists. Jews also took up socialism, forming General Jewish Labour Bund and the Folksists (People’s Party) which supported assimilation and the rights of labor.
Unsurprisingly, given the conditions under Imperial Russia, the Jews participated in a number of Polish insurrections against the Russians, including the Kosciuszko Insurrection (above), and the January Insurrection (1863) as well as the Revolutionary Movement of 1905. Jewish student Michał Landy was killed by Russians during a Polish demonstration in Warsaw, 1861. Christians weren't allowed by the police to participate in his burial.
Read more about this topic: History Of The Jews In 19th-century Poland
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