History of Genetics - The Genomics Era

The Genomics Era

Further information: genomics
1972: Walter Fiers and his team at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the University of Ghent (Ghent, Belgium) were the first to determine the sequence of a gene: the gene for bacteriophage MS2 coat protein.
1976: Walter Fiers and his team determine the complete nucleotide-sequence of bacteriophage MS2-RNA
1977: DNA is sequenced for the first time by Fred Sanger, Walter Gilbert, and Allan Maxam working independently. Sanger's lab sequence the entire genome of bacteriophage Φ-X174.
1983: Kary Banks Mullis discovers the polymerase chain reaction enabling the easy amplification of DNA
1989: The human gene that encodes the CFTR protein was sequenced by Francis Collins and Lap-Chee Tsui. Defects in this gene cause cystic fibrosis.
1995: The genome of Haemophilus influenzae is the first genome of a free living organism to be sequenced
1996: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the first eukaryote genome sequence to be released
1998: The first genome sequence for a multicellular eukaryote, Caenorhabditis elegans, is released
2001: First draft sequences of the human genome are released simultaneously by the Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics.
2003 (14 April): Successful completion of Human Genome Project with 99% of the genome sequenced to a 99.99% accuracy

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