Common Laboratory Stains
Stain | Common use | Nucleus | Cytoplasm | Red blood cell (RBC) | Collagen fibers | Specifically stains |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haematoxylin | General staining when paired with eosin (i.e. H&E) | Blue | N/A | N/A | N/A | Nucleic acids—blue ER (endoplasmic reticulum)—blue |
Eosin | General staining when paired with haematoxylin (i.e. H&E) | N/A | Pink | Orange/red | Pink | Elastic fibers—pink Collagen fibers—pink Reticular fibers—pink |
Toluidine blue | General staining | Blue | Blue | Blue | Blue | Mast cells granules—purple |
Masson's trichrome stain | Connective tissue | Black | Red/pink | Red | Blue/green | Cartilage—blue/green Muscle fibers—red |
Mallory's trichrome stain | Connective tissue | Red | Pale red | Orange | Deep blue | Keratin—orange
Cartilage—blue |
Weigert's elastic stain | Elastic fibers | Blue/black | N/A | N/A | N/A | Elastic fibers—blue/black |
Heidenhain's AZAN trichrome stain | Distinguishing cells from extracellular components | Red/purple | Pink | Red | Blue | Muscle fibers—red Cartilage—blue Bone matrix—blue |
Silver stain | Reticular fibers, nerve fibers, fungi | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Reticular fibers—brown/black Nerve fibers—brown/black Fungi—black |
Wright's stain | Blood cells | Bluish/purple | Bluish/gray | Red/pink | N/A | Neutrophil granules—purple/pink Eosinophil granules—bright red/orange Basophil granules—deep purple/violet Platelet granules—red/purple |
Orcein stain | Elastic fibres | Deep blue | N/A | Bright red | Pink | Elastic fibres—dark brown Mast cells granules—purple Smooth muscle—light blue |
Periodic acid-Schiff stain (PAS) | Basement membrane, localizing carbohydrates | Blue | N/A | N/A | Pink | Glycogen and other carbohydrates—magenta |
Table sourced from Michael H. Ross, Wojciech Pawlina, (2006). Histology: A Text and Atlas. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-5056-3.
The Nissl method and Golgi's method are useful in identifying neurons.
Read more about this topic: Histology
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