Mantra
Jan Nattier points out in her article on the origins of the Heart Sūtra that this mantra in several variations is present in the Chinese Tripiṭaka associated with several different Prajñāpāramitā texts. The version in the Heart Sūtra runs:
- Sanskrit IAST: gate gate pāragate pārasaṃgate bodhi svāhā
- Sanskrit Devanāgarī: गते गते पारगते पारसंगते बोधि स्वाहा
- Sanskrit IPA: ɡəteː ɡəteː paːɾəɡəteː paːɾəsəŋɡəte boːdʱɪ sʋaːɦaː
This was transliterated by other Mahayana Buddhist traditions in China and Tibet, and then spread to other regions such as Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. Classical transliterations of the mantra include:
- Chinese: 揭諦 揭諦 波羅揭諦 波羅僧揭諦 菩提 娑婆訶
- Chinese Pinyin: Jiēdì, jiēdì, bōluó jiēdì, bōluósēng jiēdì, pútí suōpóhē
- Vietnamese: Yết đế, yết đế, Ba la yết đế, Ba la tăng yết đế, Bồ đề tát bà ha
- Japanese: ぎゃてい ぎゃてい はらぎゃてい はらそうぎゃてい ぼじ そわか(Romanisation: Gyatei Gyatei Haragyatei Harasogyatei Boji Sowaka)
- Korean: 아제 아제 바라아제 바라승아제 모지 사바하 (Romanisation: Aje aje bara-aje baraseung-aje moji sabaha)
- Tibetan: ག༌ཏེ༌ག༌ཏེ༌པཱ༌ར༌ག༌ཏེ༌པཱ༌ར༌སཾ༌ག༌ཏེ༌བོ༌དྷི༌སྭཱ༌ཧཱ།
Read more about this topic: Heart Sutra