Distribution
Haplogroup J-M172 is found mainly in the Fertile Crescent, the Caucasus, Anatolia, the Balkans, Italy, the Mediterranean littoral, and the Iranian plateau.
The highest reported frequency of J-M172 ever was 87.4%, among Ingush in Malgobek. J-M172 - Associated with Mediterranean, South Caucasian and Fertile Crescent populations, with its peaks at 87.4% in Ingushetia and 72% in Georgia's Kazbegi region (near Mount Kazbek). In the North Caucasus, the largest frequencies are those of Nakh peoples (Chechens (56.7%) and Ingush (88.8%). Other notable values were found among North Caucasian Turkic peoples (Kumyks (25%) and Balkars(24%)). It is notable that according to both Nasidze's study in 2004 and then a later study on Dagestani peoples by Yunusbaev in 2006, J-M172 suddenly collapses as one enters the territory of non-Nakh Northeast Caucasian peoples, dropping to very low values among Dagestani peoples. The overwhelming bulk of Chechen J-M172 is of the subclade J-M67), of which the highest frequencies by far are found among Nakh peoples- Chechens were 55.2% according to the Balanovsky study, while Ingush were 87.4%.
More specifically it is found in Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, North Caucasus, Armenia, Iran, Israel, Palestine, Cyprus, Greece, Albania, Italy, and Spain, and more frequently in Iraqis 43.6%, Chechens 51.0%-58.0%, Georgians 21%-72%, Lebanese 25%, Ossetians 24%, Balkars 24%, Syrians 23%, Turks 13%-40%, Cypriots 12.9%-37%, Armenians 21%-24%, Circassians 21.8%, Iranians 10%-25%, Albanians 16%-24%, Italians 9%-36%, Sephardi Jews 15%-29%, Maltese 21%, Palestinians 17%, Saudis 16%, Jordanians 14%, Omanis 10%-15%, and Hazaras from Afghanistan 27%.
J-M172 is found at very high frequencies in certain peoples of the Caucasus: among the Ingush 87.4%, Chechens 55.2%, Georgians 21%-72%, Azeris 24%-48%, Abkhaz 25%, Balkars 24%, Ossetians 24%, Armenians 21%-24%, Circassians 21.8%, and other groups.
In Europe, the frequency of Haplogroup J-M172 drops dramatically as one moves northward away from the Mediterranean. In Italy, J-M172 is found with regional frequencies ranging between 9% and 36%. In Greece, it is found with regional frequencies ranging between 10% and 48%. Approximately 24% of Turkish men are J-M172 according to a recent study, with regional frequencies ranging between 13% and 40%. Combined with J-M267, up to half of the Turkish population belongs to Haplogroup J-P209.
It has been proposed that haplogroup subclade J-M410 was linked to populations on ancient Crete by examining the relationship between Anatolian, Cretan, and Greek populations from around early Neolithic sites. Haplogroup J-M12 was associated with Neolithic Greece (ca. 8500 - 4300 BCE) and was reported to be found in modern Crete (3.1%) and mainland Greece (Macedonia 7.0%, Thessaly 8.8%, Argolis 1.8%).
Sephardi Jews have about 15%-29%, of haplogroup J-M172, and Ashkenazi Jews have 15%-23%. It was reported in an early study which tested only four STR markers that a small sample of Italian Cohens belonged to Network 1.2, an early designation for the overall clade now known as J-L26, defined by the deletion at DYS413. However, a large number of all Jewish Cohens in the world belong to haplogroup J-M267 (see Cohen modal haplotype).
Haplogroup J-M172 has been shown to have a more northern distribution in the Middle East, although it exists in significant amounts in the southern middle-east regions, a lesser amount of it was found when compared to its brother haplogroup, J-M267, which has a high frequency southerly distribution. It was believed that the source population of J-M172 originated from the Levant/Syria (Syrid-J-M172), and that its occurrence among modern populations of Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia was a sign of the neolithic agriculturalists. However, as stated it is now more likely to have originated in regions farther to the north, with the first metallurgists of the Middle East.
J-M172 subclades are also found in Central Asia, and South Asia. A genetic study published led by Firasat (2007) on Kalash individuals found a frequency of 9.1%. Haplogroup J-M410 in India was found to be largely confined to the castes, with little or no occurrence in the tribals. The frequency of J-M172 is higher in South Indian castes (19%) than in North Indian castes (11%) or Pakistan (12%). Haplogroup J-P209 was found to be even more common in India's Shia Muslim, of which 28.7% are predominantly are Sayyid belong to haplogroup J, with 13.7% in J-M410, 10.6% in J-M267 and 4.4% in J2b. The following gives a summary of most of the studies which specifically tested for J-M172, showing its distribution in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia.
| Country/Region | Sampling | N | J-M172 | Study | |
| Algeria | Oran | 102 | 4.9 | Robino et al. (2008) | |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina | Serbs | 81 | 8.7 | Battaglia et al. (2009) | |
| Caucasus | Abkhaz | 58 | 13.8 | Balanovsky et al. (2011) | |
| Caucasus | Avar | 115 | 6 | Balanovsky et al. (2011) | |
| Caucasus | Chechen | 330 | 57 | Balanovsky et al. (2011) | |
| Caucasus | Circassians | 142 | 21.8 | Balanovsky et al. (2011) | |
| Caucasus | Dargins | 101 | 1 | Balanovsky et al. (2011) | |
| Caucasus | Ingush | 143 | 88.8 | Balanovsky et al. (2011) | |
| Caucasus | Kaitak | 33 | 3 | Balanovsky et al. (2011) | |
| Caucasus | Kubachi | 65 | 0 | Balanovsky et al. (2011) | |
| Caucasus | Lezghins | 81 | 2.5 | Balanovsky et al. (2011) | |
| Caucasus | Ossets | 357 | 16 | Balanovsky et al. (2011) | |
| Caucasus | Shapsug | 100 | 6 | Balanovsky et al. (2011) | |
| Caucasus | 1525 | 28.1 | Balanovsky et al. (2011) | ||
| Cyprus | 164 | 12.9 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | ||
| Egypt | 124 | 7.6 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | ||
| Egypt | 147 | 12.0 | Abu-Amero et al. (2009) | ||
| Europe | Ashkenazim Jewish | 442 | 19 | Behar et al. (2004) | |
| Greece | 154 | 18.1 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | ||
| Greece | Crete | 143 | 35 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | |
| Iberia | 655 | 7 | Fregel et al. (2009) | ||
| Iberia | 1140 | 7.7 | Adams et al. (2008) | ||
| Iran | 92 | 25 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | ||
| Iraq | 154 | 43.6 | Al-Zahery et al. (2011) | ||
| Israel | Akka | 101 | 18.6 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | |
| Italy | Sicily | 212 | 22.6 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | |
| Italy | Mainland | 699 | 20 | Capelli et al. (2007) | |
| Italy | Central Marche | 59 | 35.6 | Capelli et al. (2007) | |
| Italy | West Calabria | 57 | 35.1 | Capelli et al. (2007) | |
| Italy | Val Badia | 34 | 8.8 | Capelli et al. (2007) | |
| Jordan | 273 | 14.6 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | ||
| Lebanon | 951 | 29.4 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | ||
| Malta | 90 | 21.1 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | ||
| Oman | 121 | 10.0 | Abu-Amero et al. (2009) | ||
| Morocco | 221 | 4.1 | Fregel et al. (2009) | ||
| North Africa | Algeria, Tunisia | 202 | 3.5 | Fregel et al. (2009) | |
| Pakistan | 176 | 11.9 | Abu-Amero et al. (2009) | | Chitral District | | Firasat et al. (2007) | |
| Portugal | North, Center, South | 303 | 6.9 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | |
| Portugal | Tras-os-Montes (Jews) | 57 | 24.5 | Nogueiro et al. (2010) | |
| Qatar | 72 | 8.3 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | ||
| Sardinia | 81 | 9.9 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | ||
| Saudi Arabia | 157 | 15.9 | Abu-Amero et al. (2009) | ||
| Spain | Mallorca | 62 | 8.1 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | |
| Spain | Sevilla | 155 | 7.8 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | |
| Spain | Leon | 60 | 5 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | |
| Spain | Ibiza | 54 | 3.7 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | |
| Spain | Cantabria | 70 | 2.9 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | |
| Spain | Galicia | 292 | 13 | Brion et al. (2004) | |
| Spain | Canary Islands | 652 | 10.5 | Fregel et al. (2009) | |
| Syria | Syria | 554 | 20.8 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | |
| Tunisia | Tunisia | 62 | 8 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | |
| Turkey | 523 | 24.2 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | ||
| UAE | 164 | 10.3 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) | ||
| Yemen | 62 | 9.6 | El-Sibai et al. (2009) |
Read more about this topic: Haplogroup J2 (Y-DNA)
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