South American Invasions That Failed To Penetrate Beyond Central America
Extant or extinct (†) Central American taxa whose ancestors migrated out of South America:
- Gonyleptid harvestmen (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae)
- Electric knifefishes (Gymnotiformes)
- Caeciliid caecilians (Caecilia, Dermophis, Gymnopis, Oscaecilia) – snake-like amphibians
- Poison dart frogs (Dendrobatidae)
- Boine boas (Boidae: Boinae)
- Spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus)
- Other opossums (Didelphidae) – 11 additional extant species, listed on discussion page
- Northern naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous centralis)
- Hoffmann's two-toed sloth (Megalonychidae: Choloepus hoffmanni)
- Three-toed sloths (Bradypodidae: Bradypus variegatus, B. pygmaeus)
- Silky anteater (Cyclopedidae: Cyclopes didactylus)
- Other anteaters (Myrmecophagidae: Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Tamandua mexicana)
- Rothschild's and Mexican hairy dwarf porcupines (Coendou rothschildi, Sphiggurus mexicanus)
- Other caviomorph rodents (Caviomorpha) – 9 additional extant species, listed on discussion page
- Platyrrhine monkeys (Platyrrhini) – at least 8 extant species, listed on discussion page
- †Mixotoxodon larensis – a rhino-sized toxodontid notoungulate
- Other vampire bats (Desmodontinae) – all 3 extant species
- Toucans (Ramphastidae)
- Tinamous (Tinamidae)
- Great Curassow (Crax rubra)
-
Oophaga pumilio
-
†Mixotoxodon
-
Tinamus major
Read more about this topic: Great American Interchange
Famous quotes containing the words south, american, failed, penetrate, central and/or america:
“The Great South Beach of Long Island,... though wild and desolate, as it wants the bold bank,... possesses but half the grandeur of Cape Cod in my eyes, nor is the imagination contented with its southern aspect.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“The American character looks always as if it had just had a rather bad haircut, which gives it, in our eyes at any rate, a greater humanity than the European, which even among its beggars has an all too professional air.”
—Mary McCarthy (1912–1989)
“Her cabined, ample spirit,
It fluttered and failed for breath.
Tonight it doth inherit
The vasty hall of death.”
—Matthew Arnold (1822–1888)
“It is a thorny undertaking, and more so than it seems, to follow a movement so wandering as that of our mind, to penetrate the opaque depths of its innermost folds, to pick out and immobilize the innumerable flutterings that agitate it. And it is a new and extraordinary amusement, which withdraws us from the ordinary occupations of the world, yes, even from those most recommended.”
—Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592)
“It’s easy to forget how central the French people are in everything we mean when we say Europe.”
—John Dos Passos (1896–1970)
“Oh, it’s home again, and home again, America for me!
I want a ship that’s westward bound to plow the rolling sea,
To the blessed Land of Room Enough beyond the ocean bars,
Where the air is full of sunlight and the flag is full of stars.”
—Henry Van Dyke (1852–1933)