Classification
The family Centrolenidae is a clade of anurans. Previously, the family Centrolenidae was considered closely related to the family Hylidae; however, recent phylogenetic studies have placed the Centrolenidae (and its sister taxon, the family Allophrynidae, closer to the family Leptodactylidae.
The monophyly of Centrolenidae is supported by morphological and behavioral characters including: (1) presence of a dilated process on the medial side of the third metacarpal (an apparently unique synapomorphy); (2) ventral origin of the musculus flexor teres digiti III relative to the musculus transversi metacarpi I; (3) terminal phalanges T-shaped; (4) exotroph, lotic, burrower/fossorial tadpoles with a vermiform body and dorsal C-shaped eyes, that live buried within leaf packs in still or flowing water systems; (5) eggs clutches deposited outside of water on vegetation or rocks above still or flowing water systems. Several molecular synapomorphies also support the monophyly of the clade.
The taxonomic classification of Centrolenidae was recently modified. The family Centrolenidae now contains two subfamilies and twelve genera (Guayasamin et al., 2009).
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