Class 1 (transitive Verbs)
- In the present and future sub-series, the subject is in the nominative case and both the direct and indirect objects are in the dative case. The subject is indicated by the v- set marker, while the object is indicated by the m- set marker.
- In the aorist series, the subject is in the ergative case while the direct object is in the nominative case. Indirect object is in the dative case. The subject is indicated by the v- set marker, while the object is indicated by the m- set marker.
- In the perfective series, the subject is in the dative case while the direct object is in the nominative case. Indirect object is usually indicated with the post-position -tvis (for). The subject is indicated by the m- set marker, while the object is indicated by the v- set marker.
- In the present sub-series, the preverbs are absent, but the thematic suffixes do exist.
- In the future sub-series, the preverbs emerge, and the thematic suffixes remain.
- In the aorist series, the preverbs emerge, and the thematic suffixes are absent (mostly).
- In the perfective series, the preverbs emerge, and, if the thematic suffix is -eb, its presence depends on whether or not there is a vowel in the root of the verb. If there is a vowel, the thematic suffix remains, otherwise it is lost.
Here is a full conjugation of a verb with all persons in all screeves:
Verb root
shen; infinite form asheneba (to build)
Present subseries
The thematic suffix -eb is present, but without the preverb:
| Present indicative | Imperfect ¹ | Present subjunctive ² | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1s | v-a-shen-eb | v-a-shen-eb-d-i | v-a-shen-eb-d-e |
| 2s | a-shen-eb | a-shen-eb-d-i | a-shen-eb-d-e |
| 3s | a-shen-eb-s | a-shen-eb-d-a | a-shen-eb-d-e-s |
| 1pl | v-a-shen-eb-t | v-a-shen-eb-d-i-t | v-a-shen-eb-d-e-t |
| 2pl | a-shen-eb-t | a-shen-eb-d-i-t | a-shen-eb-d-e-t |
| 3pl | a-shen-eb-en | a-shen-eb-d-nen | a-shen-eb-d-nen |
Future subseries
The preverb a- emerges:
| Future indicative | Conditional | Future subjunctive | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1s | a-v-a-shen-eb | a-v-a-shen-eb-d-i | a-v-a-shen-eb-d-e |
| 2s | a-a-shen-eb | a-a-shen-eb-d-i | a-a-shen-eb-d-e |
| 3s | a-a-shen-eb-s | a-a-shen-eb-d-a | a-a-shen-eb-d-e-s |
| 1pl | a-v-a-shen-eb-t | a-v-a-shen-eb-d-i-t | a-v-a-shen-eb-d-e-t |
| 2pl | a-a-shen-eb-t | a-a-shen-eb-d-i-t | a-a-shen-eb-d-e-t |
| 3pl | a-a-shen-eb-en | a-a-shen-eb-d-nen | a-a-shen-eb-d-nen |
Aorist series
The preverb is present; the thematic suffix is lost:
| Aorist indicative ³ | Optative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1s | a-v-a-shen-e | a-v-a-shen-o |
| 2s | a-a-shen-e | a-a-shen-o |
| 3s | a-a-shen-a | a-a-shen-o-s |
| 1pl | a-v-a-shen-e-t | a-v-a-shen-o-t |
| 2pl | a-a-shen-e-t | a-a-shen-o-t |
| 3pl | a-a-shen-es | a-a-shen-o-n |
Perfective series
The preverb is present; the thematic suffix is present (due to vowel in root). N.B. subject is marked with the m- set, and the verb form here assumes a 3rd person singular direct object:
| Perfect † | Pluperfect ‡ | Perfect subjunctive | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1s | a-m-i-shen-eb-i-a | a-m-e-shen-eb-in-a | a-m-e-shen-eb-in-o-s |
| 2s | a-g-i-shen-eb-i-a | a-g-e-shen-eb-in-a | a-g-e-shen-eb-in-o-s |
| 3s | a-u-shen-eb-i-a | a-e-shen-eb-in-a | a-e-shen-eb-in-o-s |
| 1pl | a-gv-i-shen-eb-i-a | a-gv-e-shen-eb-in-a | a-gv-e-shen-eb-in-o-s |
| 2pl | a-g-i-shen-eb-i-a-t | a-g-e-shen-eb-in-a-t | a-g-e-shen-eb-in-o-t |
| 3pl | a-u-shen-eb-i-a-t | a-e-shen-eb-in-a-t | a-e-shen-eb-in-o-t |
Notes
¹ The imperfective screeve of class 1 verbs always takes the strong suffixal nominal marker -i
² The present subjunctive screeve of class 1 verbs always takes the week suffixal nominal marker -e
³ Class 1 verbs which take the weak suffixal nominal marker in the aorist screeve, take the -o- nominal marker in the optative screeve, and verbs which take the strong suffixal nominal marker in the aorist screeve, take the -a- nominal marker in the optative screeve.
† The perfective screeve of class 1 verbs always uses the -i- versioner.
‡ The pluperfect and the perfect subjunctive screeves of class 1 verbs always employ the -e- versioner.
Read more about this topic: Georgian Verb Paradigm
Famous quotes containing the word class:
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