Views of Western Scholars
According to Orientalist Gilles Kepel:
"Fitna is sometimes translated as sedition, that is to say the fact that the Muslim community is fragmented is because it has lost its sense of proportion and of reality - of maslaha (public interest); to its detriment this has delivered it to the demons of extremism. Jihad returning like a boomerang weakens the community from within. The fitna has been the ulemas' obsession of fear for as long as Islam has existed."
Western scholars believe that this internal fear of fitna in Islamic countries is the key factor against an introduction and easy maintenance of free pluralism and democratically elected government. Islamic law prescribes that irresponsible freedom and uncontrolled democracy are the tools used by Dajjal to bring fitna (chaos) leading to the end of the world, which is contrary to the united spirit of the Caliphate and the ummah.
Read more about this topic: Fitna (word)
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