List of Federal Parliamentary Republics
| Federation | Style | Formerly | Subdivisions | Head of state | Head of government | Parliamentary republic adopted | Head of state elected by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | Republic | One-party state | States of Austria | President of Austria | Chancellor of Austria | 1955 | Direct, by second-round system |
| Ethiopia | Federal Democratic Republic | One-party state | Regions of Ethiopia | President of Ethiopia | Prime Minister of Ethiopia | 1991 | Parliament, by two-thirds majority |
| Germany | Federal Republic | One-party state | States of Germany | President of Germany | Chancellor of Germany | 1949 | Federal assembly (Parliament and state delegates), by absolute majority |
| India | Republic | Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm) | States of India | President of India | Prime Minister of India | 1950 | Electoral College,
Parliament and state legislators, by single transferable vote |
| Iraq | Republic | One-party state | Regions of Iraq | President of Iraq | Prime Minister | 2005 | Parliament, by two-thirds majority |
| Nepal | Federal Democratic Republic | Constitutional monarchy | Yet to decide by the constituent assembly | President of Nepal | Prime Minister of Nepal | 2008 | Parliament, by two-thirds majority |
| Pakistan | Islamic Republic | Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm) | Subdivisions of Pakistan | President of Pakistan | Prime Minister of Pakistan | 1956 | Electoral College, by two-thirds majority |
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Famous quotes containing the words list of, list, federal and/or republics:
“Shea—they call him Scholar Jack—
Went down the list of the dead.
Officers, seamen, gunners, marines,
The crews of the gig and yawl,
The bearded man and the lad in his teens,
Carpenters, coal-passers—all.”
—Joseph I. C. Clarke (1846–1925)
“A man’s interest in a single bluebird is worth more than a complete but dry list of the fauna and flora of a town.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“I am willing to pledge myself that if the time should ever come that the voluntary agencies of the country together with the local and state governments are unable to find resources with which to prevent hunger and suffering ... I will ask the aid of every resource of the Federal Government.... I have the faith in the American people that such a day will not come.”
—Herbert Hoover (1874–1964)
“Royalty is a government in which the attention of the nation is concentrated on one person doing interesting actions. A Republic is a government in which that attention is divided between many, who are all doing uninteresting actions. Accordingly, so long as the human heart is strong and the human reason weak, Royalty will be strong because it appeals to diffused feeling, and Republics weak because they appeal to the understanding.”
—Walter Bagehot (1826–1877)