Ethnolichenology - Lichens For Embalming

Lichens For Embalming

Embalming began in Egypt about 5,000 years ago, and the use of lichens in embalming can be seen dating back to the 18th Dynasty where Pseudevernia furfuracea was found in an Egyptian vase. The process of using lichens in embalming is a fascinating discovery. For starters, to embalm a body, a slit was made in the abdomen and the organs and viscera were removed. The organs and viscera were wrapped in separate linen packets and replaced in the body or put in canopic jars between the legs. The body cavity was then packed with lichen, sawdust, bruised myrrh, cassia, and every other spices. Pseudevernia furfuracea was employed due to its preservative and aromatic qualities. Also it was used simply as a highly absorbent, light-weight packaging material. It also contains antibiotic substances. These qualities helped inhibit bacterial decay of the mummies. Another discovery is that the Egyptians would grind and mix Pseudevernia furfuracea with their flour for bread. The bread was then placed with the mummy and thought to be the first meal for the mummy in its afterlife. Pseudevernia furfuracea was imported shiploads from the Grecian archipelago to Alexandria. Whether Pseudevernia furfuracea, was used for embalming, medicinal purposes, or as an ingredient in bread, it has its place in history as an important plant connecting a culture to its environment. Today, embalming fluids are colored from the lichen dye orchil into a product called Cudbear, illustrating how a historical procedure can influence future practices.