Education and Early Influences
In the mid 1930s, Porter was a student of Calvin S. Hall (who had just completed doctoral studies with Edward C. Tolman at University of California, Berkeley) and Robert W. Leeper (who was heavily influence by Kurt Lewin). He completed his Masters work in 1938 at the University of Oregon, which documented that learning occurs in rats in mazes, even without the presence of rewards - and that the learning could be accessed later in the presence of rewards. In 1941, he completed his Doctoral work at the Ohio State University where he was a student and assistant professor of Psychology under Carl Rogers. His dissertation was the first of many studies to empirically document the effectiveness of the non-directive approach in counseling.
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