Electromagnetic Electron Wave - Dispersion Relations

Dispersion Relations

The dispersion relation can be written as an expression for the frequency (squared), but it is also common to write it as an expression for the index of refraction ck/ω (squared).

Summary of electromagnetic electron waves
conditions	dispersion relation	name
		light wave
		O wave
	$\frac{c^2k^2}{\omega^2}=1-\frac{\omega_p^2}{\omega^2}\, \frac{\omega^2-\omega_p^2}{\omega^2-\omega_h^2}$	X wave
(right circ. pol.)		R wave (whistler mode)
(left circ. pol.)		L wave

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