Emergence of Eastern Catholics
Most Eastern Catholic Churches arose when a group within an ancient Christian Church that was in disagreement with the See of Rome returned to full communion with that See. Three Eastern Catholic churches have never broken communion with the Bishop of Rome since the beginning: (a) The Maronite Church was never out of communion with Rome, and has no counterpart in the Eastern Orthodox communion. (b) The Italo-Albanian Catholic Church which, unlike the Maronite Church, uses the same liturgical rite as the Eastern Orthodox Church.(c) The Syro-Malabar Church, based in Kerala, India. Other Christians of Kerala, who were originally of the same East-Syrian tradition, passed instead to the West-Syrian tradition and now form part of Oriental Orthodoxy. Some from the Oriental Orthodox in India reunited with the Bishop of Rome in 1930 and became the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church, another Eastern sui juris church within the Catholic Church.
The canon law that the Eastern Catholic Churches have in common was codified in the 1990 Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. The dicastery that works with the Eastern Catholic Churches is the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, which, by law, includes as members all Eastern Catholic patriarchs and major archbishops.
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