Fears of Russian Invasion
A long-standing fear of invasion by the Imperial Russian Navy, symbolised by the hoax Russian warship Kaskowiski raid on Auckland, 1875, led to the arming of New Zealand ports with heavy guns in the decade from about 1880. A further hoax Russian warship attack, this time in Wellington in 1885, was spurred by fears over French, German and Russian policies in the South Pacific, late in 1883.
Read more about this topic: Early Naval Vessels Of New Zealand
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—Pierre Corneille (1606–1684)
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—William Howard Taft (1857–1930)