Presentation
The E-carrier standards form part of the Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) where groups of E1 circuits may be bundled onto higher capacity links between telephone exchanges. This allows a Network Operators to provide TDM circuit between customers. Unlike Internet data services (generally based on Ethernet and IP which are Statistical Multiplexing technologies) E-carrier systems permanently allocate capacity for a voice/data call for its entire duration. This ensures permanent quality because the transmission arrives with the same delay (latency) and bandwidth at all times. This is the essence of time-division multiplexing (TDM) technology.
E1 circuits have been used widely in telephony (ISDN, GSM), datacom (leased lined, Frame Relay) and syncronization of SDH and Mobile Network; nevertheless, the use of TDM / E-Carrier is declining since early 2000 when Ethernet/IP begun to be used not only in LAN but also in WAN.
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