Dukkha - Three Marks of Existence

Three Marks of Existence

Dukkha is also listed among the three marks of existence. These are:

  • Impermanence (anicca)
  • Suffering (dukkha)
  • Not-self (anatta).

In this context, dukkha denotes the experience that all formations (sankhara) are impermanent (anicca) - thus it explains the qualities which make the mind as fluctuating and impermanent entities. It is therefore also a gateway to anatta, not-self.

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