The Drosophila melanogaster species group belongs to the subgenus Sophophora and contains 10 subgroups. The phylogeny in this species group is poorly known despite many studies covering many of the species subgroups. The most likely explanation is that the various subgroups diverted from each other in a relative short evolutionary time frame. Three subgroups have not yet been investigated in molecular studies, and their position in the phylogeny is unclear. The suzukii subgroup is paraphyletic as D. lucipennis is systematically placed within the elegans subgroup.
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Species subgroups:
- D. denticulata species subgroup
- D. elegans species subgroup
- D. eugracilis species subgroup
- D. ficusphila species subgroup
- D. flavohirta species subgroup
- D. longissima species subgroup
- D. melanogaster species subgroup
- D. rhopaloa species subgroup
- D. suzukii species subgroup
- D. takahashii species subgroup
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