DNA Glycosylase - Types of Glycosylases

Types of Glycosylases

Crystal structures of many glycosylases have been solved. Based on structural similarity, glycosylases are grouped into four superfamilies. The UDG and AAG families contain small, compact glycosylases, whereas the MutM/Fpg and HhH-GPD families comprise larger enzymes with multiple domains.

A wide variety of glycosylases have evolved to recognize different damaged bases. The table below summarizes the properties of known glycosylases in commonly studied model organisms.

Glycosylases in bacteria, yeast and humans
E. coli Yeast (S. cerevisiae) Human Type Substrates
AlkA Mag1 MPG monofunctional 3-meA, hypoxanthine
UDG Ung1 UNG monofunctional uracil
Fpg Ogg1 hOGG1 bifunctional 8-oxoG, FapyG
Nth Ntg1 hNTH1 bifunctional Tg, hoU, hoC, urea, FapyG
Ntg2
Nei Not present hNEIL1 bifunctional Tg, hoU, hoC, urea, FapyG, FapyA
hNEIL2 AP site, hoU
hNEIL3 unknown
MutY Not present hMYH monofunctional A:8-oxoG
Not present Not present hSMUG1 monofunctional U, hoU, hmU, fU
Not present Not present TDG monofunctional T:G mispair
Not present Not present MBD4 monofunctional T:G mispair

DNA glycosylases can be grouped into the following categories based on their substrate(s):

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