Examples of Stage Theories
There are many stage (discontinuous) theories in developmental psychology including:
- Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development described how children represent and reason about the world.
- Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development
- Michael Commons' Model of Hierarchical Complexity.
- Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development expanded on Freud's psychosexual stages, he defined eight stages that describe how individuals relate to their social world.
- James W. Fowler's stages of faith development theory.
- Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual stages described the progression of an individual's unconscious desires.
- Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development described how individuals developed moral reasoning.
- Jane Loevinger, Stages of ego development.
- Margaret Mahler's separation-individuation theory of child development contained three phases regarding the child's object relations.
- James Marcia's theory of identity achievement and identity status.
- Rudolf Steiner's seven-year phases, similar to Piaget's stage theory but extending into adulthood.
- Maria Montessori's sensitive periods of development.
- Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
- Clare W. Graves' Emergent Cyclic Levels of Existence Theory.
- Judith Rich Harris' Modular theory of social development.
- Don Beck and Chris Cowan, Spiral Dynamics.
While some of these theories focus primarily on the healthy development of children, others propose stages that are characterized by a maturity rarely reached before old age.
Read more about this topic: Developmental Stage Theories
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