Adjustment
The tightness of the curb chain therefore has a great effect on the action of the bit. If the bit is used without a curb chain, it loses its leverage action. If used with a loose curb chain, it allows the shanks to rotate more before the curb chain is tight enough to act as a fulcrum and exert pressure. This extra rotation can warn the horse before pressure is exerted on his mouth, so he may respond beforehand. However, a very loose curb chain can be undesirable, especially if the port is high. It allows the bit to rotate in the mouth too much, causing the port to become more vertical and press against the palate, which is painful and can damage the mouth, and can cause the horse to gape. Additionally, it can completely nullify the correct action of the curb, making its use pointless.
There are two undesirable consequences when using a very tight curb chain. First, the bit immediately exerts curb pressure and increased pressure on the bars as soon as pressure is applied to the reins. Therefore, a tight curb chain is much harsher, and provides less finesse in signaling the horse than a looser curb chain would, as the horse is never given a chance to respond before the bit pushes into his bars. Secondly, a very tight curb chain causes the mouthpiece to constantly push down on the sensitive tongue, never allowing the horse relief. In severe cases, the tongue can lose blood supply.
Most horsemen adjust the curb chain so it only comes into action when the shank rotates 45 degrees back. However, horsemen with skill and experience with the curb bit can adjust the chain to accommodate the needs of the individual horse and training situation. When in doubt, however, most suggest keeping the curb chain slightly looser.
The curb chain should be applied by twisting it clockwise on one hook until it is flat, and then attaching it to the other hook. A curb chain must NEVER be used twisted, as it can cause serious damage to the horse.
Read more about this topic: Curb Chain
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