A coupling reaction in organic chemistry is a catch-all term for a variety of reactions where two hydrocarbon fragments are coupled with the aid of a metal catalyst. In one important reaction type a main group organometallic compound of the type RM (R = organic fragment, M = main group centre) reacts with an organic halide of the type R'X with formation of a new carbon-carbon bond in the product R-R' Contributions to coupling reactions by Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki were recognized with the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was shared with Richard F. Heck.
Broadly speaking, two types of coupling reactions are recognized:
- cross couplings involve reactions between two different partners, for example bromobenzene (PhBr) and vinyl chloride to give styrene (PhCH=CH2).
- homocouplings couple two identical partners, for example, the conversion of iodobenzene (PhI) to biphenyl (Ph-Ph).
Read more about Coupling Reaction: Mechanism, Coupling Types, Miscellaneous Reactions, Applications
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