Three Current Exchange Systems
Countercurrent exchange along with concurrent exchange and contra-current exchange comprise the mechanisms used to transfer some property of a fluid from one flowing current of fluid to another across a barrier allowing one way flow of the property between them. The property transferred could be heat, concentration of a chemical substance, or other properties of the flow.
When heat is transferred, a thermally-conductive membrane is used between the two tubes, and when the concentration of a chemical substance is transferred a semipermeable membrane is used.
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—Anna C. Brackett (1836–1911)
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—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
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