Summary of A Systematic Review of Psychological Approaches To The Management of Neuropsychiatric Sym
Out of 1632 total studies reviewed roughly 10% of them were included in the review. Objective was to determine the level of quality of the studies and the effectiveness of the results. Main theories of the studies explored were as follows.
- Reminiscence Therapy - using household materials, family pictures and old newspapers to stimulate memories and hopefully have the participant share their experiences.
Results were dependent on reality orientation and were largely insignificant.
- Validation Therapy - Based on personal uniqueness, promotes validating feelings of unfinished conflicts.
Results were inconclusive and insignificant.
- Reality Orientation Therapy - Uses reminders about information such as day, time and location.
Results were insignificant.
- Cognitive Retention Therapy - Uses information processing.
Results varied but were very positive in improving aspects of neuropsychiatric symptoms immediately and for many months after. Also improved mood, and delayed institutionalization.
- Other dementia-specific therapies - “individualized special instruction” and “self-maintenance therapy”
Results may have been a product of environment but concluded an improvement to behavior and depression.
- Non-dementia-specific therapies - Included many different varieties of treatments.
Most were inconclusive. Positive results were achieved using ‘life review, sensory stimulation’ and other personalized techniques.
- Music Therapy - Helps reduce agitation and improve behavior during sessions and immediately after, however no long term benefits.
- Snoezelen therapy - Possible improvement in disruptive behavior during sessions, effects are only apparent for a short time after.
- Other sensory stimulation - Calming effects during sessions, no long term usefulness.
- Simulated presence therapy - Possible reduction in agitation, no other real benefits.
- Therapeutic activity programs - Results varied but overall were inconsistent and inconclusive with no real benefits.
- Montessori activities - No changes realized.
- Physical exercise - No changes realized.
- Social interaction - Possible improvement in neuropsychiatric symptoms in some participants.
- Decreased sensory stimulation - No real benefits.
- Environmental Manipulation - Changing the visual environment, adding or removing mirrors, signposting, unlocking doors and other environmental manipulations such as group living.
Results showed a possible reduction in agitation and improvement with orientation, with no other real benefits.
- Other studies focused on psychoeducation of Staff and family members ability to manage behavioral problems.
Results showed individual education was more effective then groups in being useful to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Read more about this topic: Cognitive Therapies For Dementia
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