Methods of Establishment
- With most woody plants, clonal colonies arise by wide-ranging roots that at intervals send up new shoots, termed suckers.
- Trees and shrubs with branches that touch the ground can form colonies via layering, e. g. willow and blackberry.
- Some vines naturally form adventitious roots on their stems that take root in the soil when the stems contact the ground, e.g. ivy and trumpet vine.
- With other vines, rooting of the stem where nodes come into contact with soil may establish a clonal colony, e.g. Wisteria.
- Ferns and many herbaceous flowering plants often form clonal colonies via horizontal underground stems termed rhizomes, e.g. ostrich fern Matteuccia struthiopteris and goldenrod.
- A number of herbaceous flowering plants form clonal colonies via horizontal surface stems termed stolons, or runners; e.g. strawberry and many grasses.
- Non-woody plants with underground storage organs such as bulbs and corms can also form colonies, e.g. Narcissus and Crocus.
- A few plant species can form colonies via adventitious plantlets that form on leaves, e.g. Kalanchoe daigremontiana and Tolmiea menziesii.
- A few plant species can form colonies via asexual seeds, termed apomixis, e.g. dandelion.
Read more about this topic: Clonal Colony
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